<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: large;"><strong><span style="color: #ff9933; font-size: large;">Sheltered Instruction</span></strong></span></br>
The table below shows the key instructional principles and strategies used in <strong>HELP</strong> Math.
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            <td width="878" bgcolor="#ffffff"><span style="font-family: Arial; color: #000000; font-size: 14px;"> </span> <strong>Sheltered  Instruction &amp; Scaffolding Techniques Underpinning HELP Features</strong>
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                            <td width="40%" valign="top"><strong>Key    Sheltered Instructional Principle</strong></td>
                            <td width="59%" valign="top"><strong>HELP    Feature</strong></td>
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                            <td width="40%" valign="top">Increase    content comprehensibility using extra-linguistic cues.
                                (Krashen,    1992; Parker 1985)</td>
                            <td width="59%" valign="top">Synchronizes    audio, visual, text, and interactivity (every page) to create a visual    connection between words and meaning. For example, corresponding vocabulary,    symbols or pictures flash in sync with audio.</td>
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                            <td width="40%" valign="top">Direct,    targeted vocabulary development: technical &amp; academic English.
                                (ASCD, 2007; Marzano, 2004; Collier, 1987; Cummins 1979, 1981)</td>
                            <td width="59%" valign="top">Explicitly    teaches vocabulary includes a bilingual &amp; pictorial dictionary &amp; contextual    hyperlinks (every page). Includes key concept vocabulary (fractions,    tessellation), supporting vocabulary (numerator, plane) &amp; academic    English (simplify the expression, which of the following, if not X then Y).</td>
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                            <td width="40%" valign="top">Build    background concept knowledge and pre-requisite skills.
                                (Marzano,    2004)</td>
                            <td width="59%" valign="top">Provides    comprehensive foundational lessons and tools to individualize &amp; customize    lessons and curriculum. Both grade level and prior grade content is always    easily accessible.</td>
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                            <td width="40%" valign="top">Review    and assess throughout with frequent comprehension checks.
                                (Short and Echevarria, 1999; Heward,    2009)</td>
                            <td width="59%" valign="top">Provides    immediate corrective and encouraging, positive feedback, consistent    throughout all lessons and quizzes. HELP interactivity with unobtrusive    testing and feedback is provided shortly after each instruction and    demonstration.</td>
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                            <td width="40%" valign="top">Break    down math procedures and concepts into small “learning chunks”.
                                (Miller,    1956)</td>
                            <td width="59%" valign="top">Demonstrates    procedural steps and algorithms associated with problem solving.</td>
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                            <td width="40%" valign="top">Home    language support and translations to make content comprehensible.
                                (Franco, 2005)</td>
                            <td width="59%" valign="top">Provides    Spanish audio and full bilingual translation (every page).</td>
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                            <td width="40%" valign="top">Recycle    prior knowledge &amp; connect what students already know with what they are    learning.
                                (Short and Echevarria)</td>
                            <td width="59%" valign="top">Provides    visual &amp; contextual hints and clues throughout the program and “Need More    HELP” buttons on every “Try-It” page. HELP never allows a student to “get    stuck”.</td>
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                            <td width="40%" valign="top">Increase    connections to student lives.
                                (Short and Echevarria)</td>
                            <td width="59%" valign="top">Provides    “Real World” scenarios at the start of each lesson.</td>
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                            <td width="40%" valign="top">Increase Higher Order Thinking Skills.
                                (Short and Echevarria)</td>
                            <td width="59%" valign="top">Explicitly    teaches problem solving approaches &amp; test-taking    skills – how to read, comprehend and answer ‘look alike’ questions from state    standardized math tests. Integrative NCTM process standards (e.g., communication,    representation, approximation, etc.) are woven into each lesson.</td>
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                            <td width="40%" valign="top">Repetition    and reinforcement of concepts, procedures and vocabulary through interaction.
                                (Short and Echevarria)</td>
                            <td width="59%" valign="top">Incorporates games, puzzles and interactivities    throughout all lessons (e.g. number lines, base10 blocks, drag &amp; drop,    money, matching, etc.) which consistently repeat, vary and contextualize the    math concepts and vocabulary.</td>
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                            <td width="40%" valign="top">Repetition    and reinforcement
                                (Short and Echevarria)</td>
                            <td width="59%" valign="top">Manipulatives    available throughout the program (e.g. calculator, protractors, rulers,    fraction strips &amp; wheels, thermometers, etc.) with structured and patterned    activities around clear, embedded lesson objectives.</td>
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                            <td width="40%" valign="top">Scaffolds    the learner by providing a cognitive support to move student just beyond what    they can learn unassisted.
                                (Vygotsky,    1978; Bruner, 1976)</td>
                            <td width="59%" valign="top">In addition to all of the above techniques, HELP    is also replete with music, animation, color, providing a non-threatening    environment for practice, knowledge construction, and “play”. The “math coach”    in the audio speaks at a moderate rate with mild and encouraging tone. If the    student does not understand, they can replay the audio or look up the Key    Terms which they do not understand or want a visual example of the term.</td>
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                            <td width="40%" valign="top">Scaffolds    the mathematics content instruction (Vygotsky) and simultaneous language    acquisition (Short and Echevarria).</td>
                            <td width="59%" valign="top">Clear    math and language objectives for each lesson, embeds NCTM Focal Points into    lesson objectives &amp; course structure, the content thus builds and    spirals. Problems/concepts are sequenced to progress from easy to more    difficult and procedural and problem solving strategies develop from teacher    (program) modeled to student-directed.</td>
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